– Training
v2.1 Results
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Overview
This benchmark suite measures how fast systems can train models to a target quality metric. Below is a short summary of the current benchmarks and metrics. Please see the MLPerf Training benchmark paper for a detailed description of the motivation and guiding principles behind the benchmark suite.
Benchmarks
Each benchmark is defined by a Dataset and Quality Target. The following table summarizes the benchmarks in this version of the suite (the rules remain the official source of truth):
| Area | Benchmark | Dataset | Quality Target | Reference Implementation Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vision | Image classification | ImageNet | 75.90% classification | ResNet-50 v1.5 |
| Vision | Image segmentation (medical) | KiTS19 | 0.908 Mean DICE score | 3D U-Net |
| Vision | Object detection (light weight) | Open Images | 34.0% mAP | RetinaNet |
| Vision | Object detection (heavy weight) | COCO | 0.377 Box min AP and 0.339 Mask min AP | Mask R-CNN |
| Language | Speech recognition | LibriSpeech | 0.058 Word Error Rate | RNN-T |
| Language | NLP | Wikipedia 2020/01/01 | 0.72 Mask-LM accuracy | BERT-large |
| Commerce | Recommendation | 1TB Click Logs | 0.8025 AUC | DLRM |
| Research | Reinforcement learning | Go | 50% win rate vs. checkpoint | Mini Go (based on Alpha Go paper) |
Metric
Each benchmark measures the wallclock time required to train a model on the specified dataset to achieve the specified quality target.
To account for the substantial variance in ML training times, final results are obtained by measuring the benchmark a benchmark-specific number of times, discarding the lowest and highest results, and averaging the remaining results. Even the multiple result average is not sufficient to eliminate all variance. Imaging benchmark results are very roughly +/- 2.5% and other benchmarks are very roughly +/- 5%.
For non-HPC training, results that converged in fewer epochs than the reference implementation run with the same hyperparameters were normalized to the expected number of epochs.
Divisions
MLPerf aims to encourage innovation in software as well as hardware by allowing submitters to reimplement the reference implementations. MLPerf has two Divisions that allow different levels of flexibility during reimplementation. The Closed division is intended to compare hardware platforms or software frameworks “apples-to-apples” and requires using the same model and optimizer as the reference implementation. The Open division is intended to foster faster models and optimizers and allows any ML approach that can reach the target quality.
Availability
MLPerf divides benchmark results into Categories based on availability.
- Available systems contain only components that are available for purchase or for rent in the cloud.
- Preview systems must be submittable as Available in the next submission round.
- Research, Development, or Internal (RDI) contain experimental, in development, or internal-use hardware or software.
Submission Information
Each row in the results table is a set of results produced by a single submitter
using the same software stack and hardware platform. Each Closed division row contains the following information:
- Submitter: The organization that submitted the results.
- System: General system description.
- Processor and count: The type and number of CPUs used, if CPUs perform the majority of ML compute.
- Accelerator and count: The type and number of accelerators used, if accelerators perform the majority of ML compute.
- Software: The ML framework and primary ML hardware library used.
- Benchmark Results: Results for each benchmark as described above.
- Details: link to metadata for submission.
- Code: link to code for submission.
Each Open division row may add the following information:
- Model used: The model used to produce the results, which may or may not match the Closed Division requirement.
- Notes: arbitrary notes from submitter.
Rules
The rules are here.
Reference implementations
The reference implementations for the benchmarks are here.